How Was Dilophosaurus Discovered

Of the dozen or so dinosaurs that every kid knows by heart, Dilophosaurus occupies the strangest position. This theropods popularity can be attributed almost entirely to its colorful cameo in the first Jurassic Park movie, but almost all the details presented in that blockbuster were completely made up--including Dilophosaurus petite size, prominent neck frill, and (most egregiously of all) its presumed ability to spit poison. One way to bring Dilophosaurus down to earth is to describe the fairly unremarkable details of its discovery. In 1942, a young paleontologist named Sam Welles went on a fossil-hunting expedition to the Navajo country, a sparsely populated portion of the southwest U.S. that includes much of Arizona. Welles, who later become a professor at the prestigious University of California Museum of Paleontology, offers his eyewitness account on a taped UCMP Dilophosaurus tour: [A colleague] asked me to look up the report of a skeleton found in the Kayenta Formation, which might possibly be dinosaurian. I tried to find this and failed...and got hold of Jesse Williams, a Navajo who had discovered these bones in 1940. There were three dinosaurs in a triangle about twenty feet apart, and one was almost worthless, having been completely eroded. The second was a good skeleton showing everything except the front part of the skull. The third gave us the front part of the skull and much of the front part of the skeleton. These we collected in a ten-day rush job, loaded them into the car, and brought them back to Berkeley. Introducing Dilophosaurus - By Way of Megalosaurus The above account is pretty straightforward, but the next installment of the Dilophosaurus saga is fairly twisty. It took over a dozen years for Welles bones to be cleaned and mounted, and it was only in 1954 that the type specimen was given the name Megalosaurus wetherelli. This must have been hugely anticlimactic to its discoverer, since Megalosaurus had been a wastebasket taxon for over a hundred years, comprising a huge number of poorly understood theropod species (many of which later turned out to deserve their own genus). Determined to give his dinosaur a more secure identity, Welles returned to Navajo territory in 1964. This time he unearthed a fossil bearing a characteristic double crest on its skull, which was all the evidence he needed to erect a new genus and species, Dilophosaurus wetherelli. (In real time, this happened fairly slowly; it was only in 1970, six years after this latter expedition, that Welles felt he had made a solid enough case for his two-crested lizard.) There is a second named species of Dilophosaurus, D. sinensis, to which a Chinese paleontologist assigned a theropod fossil discovered in Yunnan province in 1987. Some experts believe that this may actually be a specimen of Cryolophosaurus, the cold-crested lizard (and close relative of Dilophosaurus) that was discovered in Antarctica in the early 1990s. Before he died, Welles designated a third species of Dilophosaurus, D. breedorum, but never got around to publishing it. Dilophosaurus - The Facts and the Fantasy What, exactly, set Dilophosaurus apart from other theropod dinosaurs of early Jurassic North America (and possibly Asia)? Aside from the distinctive crest on its head, not much--this was your average, voracious, 1,000 to 2,000-pound meat eater, certainly no match for the likes of Allosaurus or Tyrannosaurus Rex. Its unclear why Jurassic Park author Michael Crichton even seized on Dilophosaurus in the first place, or why he chose to endow this dinosaur with its mythical features. (Not only did Dilophosaurus not spit poison, but, to date, paleontologists have yet to conclusively identify any genus of dinosaur that did!) The details we do know about Dilophosaurus probably wouldnt make for a very good movie. For example, one specimen of D. wetherelli has an abscess on its humerus (arm bone), most likely the result of a disease process, and another specimen has a weirdly foreshortened left humerus, which may have been a birth defect or a reaction to environmental conditions 190 million years ago. Limping, groaning, feverish theropods dont exactly make for big box office, which may partly excuse Michael Crichtons (and Steven Spielbergs) flights of fancy!

Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal - 1182 Words

Lester Nguyen American Government Professor Margot Bowlby 22 February 2017 Same Sex Marriage Our society today is greatly influenced through controversial issues over same-sex marriage in America, leaving many stumped and concerned about the ongoing conflict. For some time now, it has been an expanding problem to legalize same sex marriage. A vast majority of the population believe that marriage should be between two genders due to it’s being biblical. The opposition upon same-sex marriage has led to the misconception of civil rights, playing a role in many political injustices and confliction in our economy. In addition, the media has played a key factor in notifying us about this issues in different political viewpoints. For instance,†¦show more content†¦This source has shown enormous amounts of favoritism by declaring same-sex marriage as a civil right, allowing the right to marry whomever based on preference. The enforcement of adopting same-sex marriage as a civil right will gradually affect the area of the religious factor. As it slow ly adapts into the environment, the people within those religious communities will come to an agreement of a being’s choice to marry another. Despite the sexuality of that being, the choice will inevitably change the opinion of another sooner or later. As stated in Fox News, â€Å"I don’t deny this is going to be an issue†¦ an issue not only for religious colleges but also for churches that refuse to honor same-sex marriage...may face government sanctions...† In other words, the church may not agree to perform any matrimonial ceremonies if it goes against their beliefs and concerns. Therefore, there s concern that churches who refuse to perform same sex marriage ceremonies may face government enforcement, including loss of tax-exempt status. Overall, the article has shown unjust treatment towards the religious whom refuse to perform matrimonial ceremonies, having their tax-exempt lowered for refusal of same-sex marriages. An important factor when discussing about same sex marriage can beShow MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1288 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is not precisely the same as it used to be interpreted. For example, women used to be their husband’s property. Sometimes the women were forced to marry whoever their parents wanted them to marry and most of the time they couldn’t leave the marriage. Nowadays women have more freedom. They can vote, they can run their own business, and they can marry whichever man they want to. The laws change as the people’s mind change. As they get more comfortable with the idea, they become more openRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex relationships relate to when a man or woman are attracted to someone of the same gender of themselves. It is being rejected as same gender marriage denies the obvious purpose between a man and a women which is procreation (Richardson-Self, 2012). Den ying same sex couples the legal right to get married, could mean that they are being denied their basic human rights to enjoy human benefits (Richardson-Self, 2012). However, the opposing view is that if gay marriage was granted the legal rightsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1403 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage â€Å"I now pronounce you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At some point in a person’s life, they have heard or will hear those words. What follows, however, has changed somewhat over the years; although, the commitment has remained the same. Those words historically indicate that until the death of a spouse, that couple shall remain together. Who should be able to determine whom that spouse is for that person? Some people judge others for their sexuality and how it is affecting them, but they never stop andRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1144 Words   |  5 PagesGay Marriage There are many issues the revolve around same-sex marriage. Many issues like: Whether same-sex should be legalized and should there be an amendment on same-sex marriage? There are multiple side to view this, but gay marriage but in my opinion gay marriage is socially accepted. it should be legal and it does affect American teens in a broad spectrum of ways. There have been a lot of issues on whether or not same-sex marriage should be legal or not. According to Burns, â€Å" The unionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal998 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage ought to be legalized on the grounds that it is uncivilized and unmerited. Marriage is a commitment between two people that cherish one another. In almost every country and culture, marriage is a commitment of loyalty and love. Marriage is an authority contract gathering two individuals together, furnishing them with profits of holy matrimony such as tax cuts and clinical privileges. The debate throughout most countries today is whether or not the rights of these profits and commitmentsRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1659 Words   |  7 Pages Same-sex couples can hardly remember a time where they were not fighting for their right to marriage in the United States. After several court cases, California Proposition Six, and their struggle against the Defens e of Marriage Act (DOMA), same-sex couples found their way into U.S. society. Many misguided studies appealed to those opposing same-sex marriage, but after several years of integrating in society, same-sex couples found the support they were looking for. Before the Supreme CourtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal899 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States, same sex marriage became legal nationwide on June 26, 2015, when the United States Supreme Court overruled the court in favor of same sex freedom and marriage. The victory of same sex marriage came to be recognized from the Obergefell v. Hodges case which was submitted when an American Ohio man was denied and regretted to get his name on his late husband’s death certificate. Same sex marriage has been a controversial social issue in the United States for several decades. SinceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1491 Words   |  6 PagesSame sex marriage is one of the most debatable issues in the modern world. Marriage has been accepted as the social union between a man and a woman for the past thousand years. Homosexuality was viewed with scorn, and marriages among same sex couples were prohibited in most cultures across the globe. However, gay relationships are slowly obtaining acceptance, as homosexuals have come to be expressive in fighting their rights to marry in the early 90’s. As homosexuality grows in acceptance in theRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal2253 Words   |  10 Pages1776). The recognition of same-sex marriage is an issue influenced by numerous factors, and debates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships have the right to marriage. Marriage provides many benefits, legally, financially, and personally. Same-sex marriage can open up those in same-sex relationships to tax benefits and financial demands comparable to those afforded to and required of people in opposite-sex marriages. Same-sex marriage also gives them legal pr otections, such asRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 PagesLove Same sex marriage is now allowed in all states across the country. But it took years and years for this â€Å"issue† to be finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage because

Han vs Rome Ap World Free Essays

Comparative Essay The massively extensive classical empires of Imperial Rome (31BCE-476CE) and Han China (206BCE-220CE) were extremely influential when it came to the world around them. In essence, the two empires were virtually the same in terms of political structure and military protocols, yet greatly different in the area of religious tolerance. Both Han China and Imperial Rome had a political system structure consisting of a sovereign emperor who made executive, almost dictator-like, decisions and directed the affairs of the empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Han vs Rome Ap World or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, in both empires, emperors relied on regional governors to regulated affairs in their respective regions due to the fact that both empires were so massive and consisted of an enormous population. These leaders would also collect a tax that was imposed on free peasants of the empire. In both empires, the emperor was seen as a god-like figure, for example the Mandate of Heaven in Han China was used to persuade the citizens that the emperor was a direct link to the gods. Both Han China and Imperial Rome used religion as a helper in political culture. Confucianism was enforced by the government and promoted obedience, loyalty, and reverence to one’s social superiors. In Rome, Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312CE, and used the church as a sort of guidance/advisor. Both civilizations established a type of â€Å"civil service† based on educated members of the middle class. As far as military protocols go, both militaries worked extensively on projects for the empire such as roads to expedite troop movement. Late in the histories of both empires, foreign soldiers were enlisted in the military due to a drop in population of plagues hit the society. The Roman’s enlisted the help of the Germanic tribes while the Hans enlisted the help of the Mongols. These â€Å"mercenary† soldiers lacked greatly in motivation and pride. Both civilizations enlisted the help of soldiers of the people who were invading them. The military prowess of both civilizations was used to hold and maintain peace once expansion was accomplished. While both civilizations consisted of one sovereign emperor, the methods in which emperors imposed their authorities differed between each. In Rome, the emperors resorted to threats and promises, where as in Han China, the emperors relied mostly on the Mandate of Heaven institution and tributes/gifts from the citizens. Both rulers had a slightly different role as well. The Emperor of China was judge, jury, and executioner, whereas the Emperor of Rome could not act without the senate’s approval. With military expedition and empire expansion, the methods were quite different. When the Romans conquered a new region, they would enforce soldiers in that region until the tax was collected. After the tax was paid, the Romans allowed the conquered peoples to keep their cultural ways. This also applied to religion. Conquered peoples could remain with their religion as long as they followed the system. In fact, in 212CE, Rome offered citizenship to conquered peoples in exchange for adopting Roman culture. This offer was extended to all free people of the conquered region, and citizenship for them meant they had the right to hold office, serve in legions, and others. However, becoming a citizen did not erase their other identities like religious views. Rome also collected many foreign religions, making the entire empire a college of religious views. Unlike Rome, Han China forced Confucian beliefs upon their conquered areas. When the Han invaded and conquered Korea and Vietnam, they established a Chinese-style rule upon the people and forced Confucian beliefs upon them. Han did not collect foreign religions with the exception of Buddhism. Han China and Imperial Roman political structure, military protocols, and religious tolerance share various similarities in political structure and military protocols, and are more different in the area of religious tolerance. While both political structures involved a sovereign emperor who used regional leaders as a way to extend his control to the outskirts of the empire, they differed in the ways the emperor imposed his authority. With military protocols, both militaries were involved in the construction of roads that expanded all over the empire. However, the militaries differed in how they treated their conquered peoples with religion and culture. Both empires had some form of religious tolerance. Han Chinese citizens were allowed to practice Buddhism while the Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. However, Romans had more tolerance for foreign religions in the empire than Han China did. How to cite Han vs Rome Ap World, Papers

Han vs Rome Ap World Free Essays

Comparative Essay The massively extensive classical empires of Imperial Rome (31BCE-476CE) and Han China (206BCE-220CE) were extremely influential when it came to the world around them. In essence, the two empires were virtually the same in terms of political structure and military protocols, yet greatly different in the area of religious tolerance. Both Han China and Imperial Rome had a political system structure consisting of a sovereign emperor who made executive, almost dictator-like, decisions and directed the affairs of the empire. We will write a custom essay sample on Han vs Rome Ap World or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, in both empires, emperors relied on regional governors to regulated affairs in their respective regions due to the fact that both empires were so massive and consisted of an enormous population. These leaders would also collect a tax that was imposed on free peasants of the empire. In both empires, the emperor was seen as a god-like figure, for example the Mandate of Heaven in Han China was used to persuade the citizens that the emperor was a direct link to the gods. Both Han China and Imperial Rome used religion as a helper in political culture. Confucianism was enforced by the government and promoted obedience, loyalty, and reverence to one’s social superiors. In Rome, Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity in 312CE, and used the church as a sort of guidance/advisor. Both civilizations established a type of â€Å"civil service† based on educated members of the middle class. As far as military protocols go, both militaries worked extensively on projects for the empire such as roads to expedite troop movement. Late in the histories of both empires, foreign soldiers were enlisted in the military due to a drop in population of plagues hit the society. The Roman’s enlisted the help of the Germanic tribes while the Hans enlisted the help of the Mongols. These â€Å"mercenary† soldiers lacked greatly in motivation and pride. Both civilizations enlisted the help of soldiers of the people who were invading them. The military prowess of both civilizations was used to hold and maintain peace once expansion was accomplished. While both civilizations consisted of one sovereign emperor, the methods in which emperors imposed their authorities differed between each. In Rome, the emperors resorted to threats and promises, where as in Han China, the emperors relied mostly on the Mandate of Heaven institution and tributes/gifts from the citizens. Both rulers had a slightly different role as well. The Emperor of China was judge, jury, and executioner, whereas the Emperor of Rome could not act without the senate’s approval. With military expedition and empire expansion, the methods were quite different. When the Romans conquered a new region, they would enforce soldiers in that region until the tax was collected. After the tax was paid, the Romans allowed the conquered peoples to keep their cultural ways. This also applied to religion. Conquered peoples could remain with their religion as long as they followed the system. In fact, in 212CE, Rome offered citizenship to conquered peoples in exchange for adopting Roman culture. This offer was extended to all free people of the conquered region, and citizenship for them meant they had the right to hold office, serve in legions, and others. However, becoming a citizen did not erase their other identities like religious views. Rome also collected many foreign religions, making the entire empire a college of religious views. Unlike Rome, Han China forced Confucian beliefs upon their conquered areas. When the Han invaded and conquered Korea and Vietnam, they established a Chinese-style rule upon the people and forced Confucian beliefs upon them. Han did not collect foreign religions with the exception of Buddhism. Han China and Imperial Roman political structure, military protocols, and religious tolerance share various similarities in political structure and military protocols, and are more different in the area of religious tolerance. While both political structures involved a sovereign emperor who used regional leaders as a way to extend his control to the outskirts of the empire, they differed in the ways the emperor imposed his authority. With military protocols, both militaries were involved in the construction of roads that expanded all over the empire. However, the militaries differed in how they treated their conquered peoples with religion and culture. Both empires had some form of religious tolerance. Han Chinese citizens were allowed to practice Buddhism while the Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. However, Romans had more tolerance for foreign religions in the empire than Han China did. How to cite Han vs Rome Ap World, Papers

Strategic Marketing Management of Tim Hortons

Executive Summary Tim Hortons is a Canadian restaurant that has recorded a very high level of performance over the past years. The company is widely known for their quality product that has attracted a large number of customers from all over the world. The company is widely known for its coffee and doughnuts. It has more than 3000 stores across the nation. The company was founded in 1964 by Tim Horton who was a hockey player.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Strategic Marketing Management of Tim Hortons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This study examines the strategic management process employed in the company. This analysis begins by outlining the role of marketing in the company. The marketing tactics adapted by the company are given and their merits are outlined. The role and process of strategic marketing in Tim Hortons Tim Horton is one of the companies that have managed to develop the most successf ul marketing strategy. Marketing plan forms one of the most important parts in the overall business plans in Tim Hortons. The organization has integrated its marketing plans with its strategies, mission, and vision. By so doing, the organisation has managed to maintain a high level of performance. Marketing is a very important element in any organization. It is therefore necessary to have a clearly designed marketing plan or strategy in order to have a successful organization. In marketing of existing products, it is necessary to understand the customer’s needs. This understanding will act as guidance in molding the product and service to maximize customer satisfaction The success by Tim Horton’s restaurants can be attributed to its strategic marketing plans. The company has managed to improve the quality of its brand through marketing. The fast food industry has recently recorded a tremendous growth by marketing the product across the media. Marketing has a significan t role in determining an organization’s competitive advantage. Tim Hortons has managed to attract a large number of customers through its unique marketing plans. For instance, it has managed to increase the quality of its brand across the world, the fact that has sigjnificantly contributed to its success. It also helps in corporate positioning. At Tim Hortons, the strategic marketing are developed and implemented by the Chief marketing officers. They play a significant role in the entire implementation process.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Links between strategic marketing strategy and corporate Strategy of Tim Hortons The Company has managed to align its marketing plans with its mission and vision. The company’s vision is to be the quality leader in everything they do (Tim Horton 2011). By aligning its marketing plan with its mission, the organisat ion has managed to maintain a high level of customer satisfaction. This has significantly contributed to the performance of the organization. The company’s mission is to deliver quality products and services to their guests and communities by maintaining continued innovation, quality leadership, and partnership. These are the guiding principles in the company. They have been integrated in the company’s day to day operations and plans. In order to maintain a high level of performance within an organization, it is always necessary to have a market oriented mission. One of the most important things in every business is a clear understanding of what their business is and the customer needs that are met. Tim Hortons has integrated this in its mission. In the contemporary world, consumers in the food industry are more concerned about the health implications of the food. However, this does not imply that they have ignored the prices. Therefore, companies in the food industry must be in a position to satisfy all these needs at once. Tim Horton’s mission is aligned with these needs, that is, delivering quality products and continued innovation. Tim Hortons has been ranked as one of the companies with the most effective marketing strategies in Canada (Redpath 2011). The company has managed to apply various tactics successfully, the fact that has won it a significant number of customers. However, the company has been facing tough competition from its competitors like McDonalds (Redpath 2011). Through a successful branding process, the company has managed to attain a top class position in fast food industry in Canada. The strongly developed brand has won the company a large number of customers. Models of strategic marketing planning Over the past decade, several organizations have recorded high level of performance by adopting various models of marketing planning. There are a number of models that has been proposed. While implementing marketing strate gies within an organization, it is always necessary to consider the internal and external environment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Strategic Marketing Management of Tim Hortons specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Internal analysis involves consideration of the organization’s values, aspirations, desired objectives, and competencies. This analysis model is critical while conducting strategic planning. It ensures that the marketing strategies lead to realization of organizational goals and objectives. Market segmentation is another important model that has been applied by many organizations. Through segmentation, an organisation is able to realize the needs of its customers. In segmentation, an organisation divides its market based on certain aspects such as characteristics, demographics, income among others. This helps an organization in meeting the needs of its customers (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2011). External environment is also necessary in strategic marketing planning. This analysis helps an organisation in identifying the consumer needs as well as their characteristics. This analysis is very important since it helps an organisation to identify the best marketing strategies. Tim Horton’s success can be attributed to its ability to adopt these strategies effectively. The company’s marketing efforts reflects its values and object jives. This means that the company has critically analyzed its internal environment in coming up with its marketing strategies. External environment scanning has also played an important role in Tim Hortons. By analyzing its external environment, the company has identified the consumer needs in the market. For instance, the company has identified the customers’ needs for freshness and diet. This has helped the company to incorporate these needs in its marketing tactics. Promotion is also another important strategy that has b een employed in marketing in the company. Promotion strategy is of great importance in creating customer awareness especially in the initial stages of organization’s development. This method has helped the company reach a large number of its customers. One advantage of using sales promotion is that it can stimulate quick increases in sales by targeting promotional incentives on particular products. These can significantly help in improving the performance of the organization in the short run. Sales promotion also plays a significant role in creating consumer awareness. In this case, the potential consumers are not aware of the upcoming products.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sales promotions will, therefore, play a significant role in informing potential customers of the products available from the gallery. Tim Hortons has successfully applied this strategy in its operations. The company uses various promotion activities in marketing its products. This has significantly contributed to its success. Sales and promotions help to sway consumers to risk buying a new product. Product specials encourage a customer to try the product, often giving the much needed boost to sales. This is an aspect that has been utilized in the company, for instance, through lowering of prices (Trehan and Trehan 2009). Marketing tactics used at Tim Hortons and their benefits In order to achieve its current position, Tim Hortons has managed to maintain various marketing tactics that has enabled the company to maximize its sales. When the founder of Tim Hortons opened the first store, he thought that his products will sell themselves since he had a good status in the society. He wa s widely known as a hockey champion and for actively participating in social activities. In other words, he applied the testimonial approach in entering into the market. This approach is usually applied by well known people in the society. Soon after its establishment, Tim Hortons applied the slogan ‘Always Fresh’ to attract its customers. This slogan played a significant role in attracting customers by promising them freshly baked menu (Tim Hortons 2011). The company managed to attract a significant number of customers by promising quality foods and services through marketing. In fact, it was the first company to promise its customers quality products and services. One of the most famous promotion strategies that the company has used is the ‘Roll up the Rim’. This is one of the most famous marketing campaigns that the company has ever had. This is a promotion contest that has attracted the attention of many people across the world. In this contest, the com pany makes the use of figures to emphasize and guarantee that a significant fraction of the cups were winners (Tim Hortons 2011). People have an opportunity to win variety of different prizes in every year. In its promotion efforts, the commercials promised of extra ordinary nature of the company’s product. For instance, the company insisted that their product was part of the people’s routine. The company associated its products with quality life styles. This convinced a great number of people to divert their consumption styles where a significant number of people began consuming the company’s products. Tim Hortons advertises its products through various media. These include the billboards and television. The company also advertises its products through children’s foundation and other activities like funding programs that are involved in children games. This has significantly helped the company to market its products. This has also helped in building the company’s brand. Advertisement is another tactic that has been used to win a significantly large number of customers. The company is widely known for sponsoring the Brier; the championships that has attracted a large number of people. Through such activities, the company has managed to market its products while building its brand as well. Tim Hortons has applied various advertising slogans in its operations. Some of the slogans used are ‘You Have Always Got Time for Tim Hortons’ (Tim Hortons 2011). Such slogans have helped the company to attract a large number of customers to its products. Later in 2000, the company adopted a new slogan; ‘Always Fresh, Always Tim Hortons.’ This slogan was mainly meant to guarantee the consumers about the freshness of the company’s products. A large number of people in the market were becoming more concerned about the freshness. This slogan therefore played a significant role in attracting customers with such i nterests or tastes. Advertisement as a method of promotion is associated with a number of advantages. To start with, advertisement is effective in reaching a wide range of audience (Trehan and Trehan 2009). This is especially when advertising is conducted through a media which reaches a large number of people. The method will reach greater number of people compared to other methods like the sales promotion. Marketing a product directly to the public is another great way to advertise a new product. This is an aspect that Tim Hortons’ has utilized to the maximum and has contributed greatly to its overall success. Positive peer pressure is achieved through direct marketing and thus it is an excellent advertising campaign that raises awareness for the company’s products and services. In pricing, there will be a need to conduct a research on the market. This will enable the firm in analyzing what the competitors are providing and the prices they offer at the market. This wi ll help in determining the most competitive price offer. Tim Hortons is one of the few restaurants across the world that is known to offer health food at very reasonable products (Tim Hortons 2011). The company is widely known for its low priced foods. The company has managed to achieve this by minimizing its operational costs. The company has managed to adopt very low operational costs. Price refers to the amount of money that the consumers will be willing to pay for the Tim Horton’s products and services in the market. Before deciding on the price to impose on the products and services, the company compares the prices of the competitors so as to make sure that their prices are at par. For a long time, the company has managed to attract a large number of customers due to its extremely low prices. Advertisement Marketing Strategy Its Merits to Tim Hortons Advertisement as a method of promotion is associated with a number of advantages. To start with, advertisement is effectiv e in reaching a wide range of audience (Trehan and Trehan 2009). This is more so when advertising is conducted through a media, which reaches a large number of people. The method will reach greater number of people compared to other methods like the sales promotion. Therefore, this method will not only reach the people who shop in that particular supermarket, but also to other people who shop from other stores. Another advantage of this method is that it is most effective in creating awareness. When the audience views a certain advert on television regularly, this increases their awareness of the presence of the product in the market. This builds their curiosity to try the new product; a thing that significantly helps in increasing the level of sales. Again, advertising helps in building customer trust through repetition of the main brand and product. In the process, the company will be able to maximize on the level of sales made. Recommendations This discussion has clearly shown th at Tim Hortons has successful marketing strategy, the fact that has contributed to its success. However, the company has been losing from its competitors. This has significantly undermined the organization’s performance. In orders to avoid such loses, the company must try to balance its marketing strategies. It must give all the products adequate attention. These will promote high performance in all the products. The company has not fully utilized the social networks like the Facebook and the Twitter. This is despite the fact that such strategies have helped many organizations’ reach a large number of people. The company must therefore improve on its marketing strategies through the social networks. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has clearly shown that Tim Hortons has recorded good performance in its operations. The company has managed to maintain a high level competitiveness due to its effective marketing strategies. The company has successfully applied str ategies such as promotions, the fact that has significantly contributed to a high level of sales. However, the company is losing on some products from its competitors. This can be mitigated by expanding its marketing strategies, for instance, through the social networks. By so doing, the company can massively increase its sales. Reference List Lamb, C., 2009. Marketing. Canada, Cengage Learning. Lamb,C., Hair, J. and McDaniel, C., 2011. Essentials of Marketing. Mason, Cengage Learning. Redpath, T., 2011. Roll Up the Rim to Win Sweet Profits at Tim Hortons. Web. Tim Hortons. 2011. Products. Web. Trehan, M. and Trehan, R., 2009. Advertising and Sales Management. New Delhi, FK Publications. This research paper on Strategic Marketing Management of Tim Hortons was written and submitted by user Brian Neal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essays

Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essays Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essay Business Continuity And Crisis Management Tourism Essay The assignment is focused on the organisations concerns that support the economic system at the person, household, community, local, province and national degrees. However, even with this focal point, the model and rules of for net income concern crisis and continuity direction ( BCCM ) are applicable to all organisations, be they private, public or not-for-profit. Organizations exist to supply merchandises and/or services to their clients and should endeavor to keep and/restore this capableness, even in the face of extremely riotous events. Regardless of the nomenclature chosen as the rubric for organisational continuity, crisis and continuity direction or continuity of operations, continuity is a strategic duty and map for all organisations if they are to last and thrive. Catastrophes occur in many signifiers: civil ( the 9/11 in New York and 7/7 in London onslaughts ) , economic ( chemical deficits, big concern failures ) , natural ( pandemics, hurricanes ) , proficient ( Y2K, Northeast Blackout of 2003 ) . When catastrophe work stoppages, either all of a sudden or bit by bit, locally or widespread, concerns and public sector bureaus respond utilizing programs developed for exigencies. However, this is non the lone response model that should be activated. A Business Continuity and Crisis Management ( BCCM ) are besides needed to prolong the organisation as it responds to public or stakeholder demands. The Emergency Response Plans ( ERP ) halt the hemorrhage and Disaster Recovery Plans ( DRP ) mend the lesions. BCCM maintain the bosom whipping so the organisation can efficaciously transport out non merely its exigency response activities, but besides disaster recovery activities. The exigency direction system of the United Kingdom ( UK ) has faced important reforms and alterations since 9/11 in New York and 7/7 in London with the primary purpose of diminishing human casualties. The historical information over the last decennaries demonstrates the increasing frequence and menace of major catastrophes such as natural, biological, societal, technological, manmade, chemical, or environmental incidents impacting the UK. The possibility of confronting menaces and lay waste toing effects after the 9/11 terrorist onslaughts and the experience of 7th July 2005 London bombardments raise the inquiry about the preparedness of the UK to efficaciously cover with big catastrophes and mass casualties. The events of 9/11 have cast a long shadow over the universe and led to a critical revaluation of Enterprise Risk Management and Business Continuity Management. This assignment critically discusses how planetary crisis like 9/11 in New York and 7/7 in London have shaped the BCCM planning for UK organisation. It reviews the catastrophes impacting UK and the procedure of development of exigency direction policy in the state. The assignment besides describes the state s current construction of exigency direction system and discusses future catastrophe challenges. Before traveling to discourse BCCM planning for UK organisation, I would wish to explicate the term BCCM ( Business Continuity and Crisis Management ) . Business Continuity and Crisis Management ( BCCM ) The intercrossed term concern crisis and continuity direction has been introduced as a rubric for an endeavor broad strategic plan and procedure. It is necessary to include a brief treatment of the creative activity and pick of this term since much of the current literature and concern patterns use the person footings crisis direction or concern continuity direction individually and frequently interchangeably while acknowledging that they work together to back up overall concern endeavor direction. The Business Continuity Institute s Business Continuity Management: Good Practices Guidelines ( Smith, 2002 ) and the Standards Australia bill of exchange Business Continuity Handbook ( Standards Australia 2003 ) use the term Business Continuity Management as a consolidative procedure and under which multiple back uping maps, including crisis direction and concern continuity direction operate and integrates. Despite the difference in nomenclature, there is small argument in the concern continuity and crisis direction literature that crisis direction, concern continuity direction, and their supporting maps need to be exhaustively integrated in support of overall concern endeavor direction. Business Continuity Management: Good Practices Guidelines explains the incompatibility in nomenclature by saying Crisis Management and BCM ( Business Continuity Management ) are non seen as reciprocally sole although that they can the necessity stand entirely based on the type of event. It is to the full recognized that they are two elements in an overall concern continuity procedure and often one is non found without the other. ( Smith 2002 ) Business Crisis and Continuity Management ( BCCM ) , as a accepted concern plan, has evolved over the past 20 plus old ages from a engineering centric catastrophe recovery map covering about entirely with informations protection and recovery to a much wider holistic and enterprise broad back uping focal point ( Wheatman, Scott and Witty 2001 ) . Despite some paces to germinate BCCM into a profession including a widely recognized common organic structure of cognition and nomenclature, criterions of public presentation, and enfranchisement procedure, advancement has been slow and is hampered by the fact that BCCM, though by and large recognized as a strategic map, remains a discretional plan for all but the most extremely regulated concern sectors such as the fiscal sector and health care sector. Even within these regulated sectors, criterions of public presentation for all BCCM back uping maps may non be recognized and specified in sufficient item to see a truly comprehensive and inco rporate plan. As Ian Mitroff concludes from his extended research in the country of concern crisis direction ( his umbrella term for an incorporate BCCM plan ) , most concerns do non hold an equal crisis direction plan, supported by corporate civilization, single and organisational degree expertness, substructure and programs and processs to to the full understand, prepare for, and pull off the crises they may confront ( Mitroff 1992 ) . Mitroff has since updated his decisions in the 2001 book, Managing Crises Before they happen where he states that The huge bulk of organisations and establishments have non been designed to expect crises or to pull off them efficaciously once they have occurred. Neither the mechanics nor the basic accomplishments are in topographic point for effectual CM ( Crisis Management ) . ( Mitroff 2001 ) Mitroff s decisions are farther supported by the consequences of the 2001 Business Continuity Readiness Survey, jointly conducted by Gartner, Inc. Executive Programs and the Society for Information Management that found Less than 25 per centum of Global 2000 endeavors have invested in comprehensive concern continuity planning. ( Gartner 2002 ) The tragic events of September 11th, 2001 in New York and July 7th, 2005 in London and the deductions for concerns straight and indirectly impacted by the events have farther reinforced the demand for endeavor broad coordination of the multiple maps back uping concern crisis and continuity direction. Studies following the onslaughts of September 11th, 2001, such as the 9/11 and July 7th, 2005 in London, such as 7/7 Commission survey and study have engaged the United Kingdom authorities, at all degrees, in the procedure of acknowledging the duties of the private sector and promoting the private sector to take equal stairss to protect people, belongings and concern operations. Further stairss, including mandated criterions, may good follow beyond the current degree of encouragement and voluntary conformity. Business Continuity Management Business Continuity Management ( BCM ) is based on the rule that it is the cardinal duty of an administration s managers to guarantee the continuance of its concern operations at all times. It may be defined as: a holistic direction procedure that identifies possible menaces to an administration and the impacts to concern operations that those menaces, if realised, might do, and which provides a model for constructing organizational resiliency with the capableness for an effectual response that safeguards the involvements of its key Stakeholders, repute, trade name and value-creating activities. BS 25999-1 British Standards Institute s Code of Practice for Business Continuity Management BCM is an constituted portion of the UK s readyings for the possible menaces posed to administrations, whether from internal systems failures or external exigencies such as utmost conditions, terrorist act, or infective disease. The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 quirked frontline respondents to keep internal BCM agreements and, in add-on, local governments have been required since May 2006 to advance BCM to concern and voluntary administrations in their communities. While concerned with all graduated tables of resiliency, BCM is peculiarly concerned with developing Organisation-wide resiliency leting an administration to last the loss of portion or all of its operational capableness. It should besides look at lasting important losingss of resources such as staff or equipment. Because an administration s BCM resiliency depends on its direction and operational staff every bit good as engineering and geographical diverseness, this resiliency must be developed throughout the administration from senior direction to shop-floor and across all sites and the supply concatenation. The driver for this organizational resiliency is the duty the senior direction have for the long-run involvements of the staff, clients and all those who depend on the administration in some manner. Whilst it may be possible to cipher the fiscal losingss of break the most important impact is normally in damaged repute or loss of trust that consequences from a mismanaged incident. Conversely a well-managed incident can heighten the repute of the administration and its direction squad. Business Crisis Management The coordination of attempts to command a crisis event consistent with strategic ends of an organisation. Although by and large associated with response, recovery and recommencement operations during and following a crisis event, crisis direction duties extend to pre-event extenuation, bar and readiness and station event Restoration and passage. The aim of this Crisis Management Plan ( afterlife referred to as the Plan ) is to make a co-ordinated and effectual attack to a crisis state of affairs, using maximal resources and trained forces, leting the normal concern of an organisation to go on with minimum break. Crisiss that could impact your concern Depending on your concern specific fortunes, there are many possible events that might represent a crisis: Natural catastrophes for illustration, deluging caused by burst H2O pipes or heavy rain, or wind harm following storms. Larceny or hooliganism larceny of computing machine equipment, for case, could turn out lay waste toing. Similarly, hooliganism of machinery or vehicles could non merely be dearly-won but besides pose wellness and safety hazards. Fire few other state of affairss have such possible to physically destruct a concern. Power cut loss of power could hold serious effects. What would you make if you could nt utilize IT or telecoms systems or run other cardinal machinery or equipment? Fuel shortagesA impermanent deficits in fuel supply could impact several facets of your operations. In the event of a fuel deficit, would staff be able do it to work? Would it impact your ability to do and have bringings? IT system failure computing machine viruses, onslaughts by hackers or system failures could impact employees ability to work efficaciously. Restricted entree to premises how would your concern map if you could nt entree your workplace for illustration, due to a gas leak? Loss or illnessA of cardinal staff if any of your staff is cardinal to the running of your concern, see how you would get by if they were to go forth or be incapacitated by unwellness. Terrorist onslaught see the hazards to your employees and your concern operations if there is a terrorist work stoppage, either where your concern is based or in locations to which you and your employees travel. Besides consider whether an onslaught may hold a longer-term consequence on your peculiar market or sector. CrisesA impacting providers how would you beginning alternate supplies? CrisesA impacting clients will insurance or client warrants offset a client s inability to take your goods or services? Crisiss impacting your concern repute how would you get by, for illustration, in the event of a merchandise callback? Hazards Affecting UK The United Kingdom is a unitary province consisting of four states England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. It is governed by parliamentary system, which is located at the capital, London. It is an island state surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. The state is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel through its largest island. The entire country of the UK is 244,820A square kilometers ( 94,526A squareA stat mi ) . It has a temperate clime with abundant rainfall. Eastern parts of the state are comparatively dry. Atlantic currents, which are warmed by Gulf Stream, conveying mild and wet winters. 3.1 Hazards happened in UK Severe storms and air currents can impact most of the state for at least 6 hours at a clip. Most inland countries and parts experience storms with velocity of 55 miles per hour and blasts which exceed 85 miles per hour. The UK authorities takes serious stairss to forestall elderly, immature, and other vulnerable population casualties through public consciousness and instruction. The natural catastrophes, transit accidents have been given increased attending over clip. There have been legion ruinous transit accidents over the last decennaries. The frequence of air clang accidents, sea transit human deaths and rail route incidents have put their stigma on the UK catastrophe direction history. Some of illustrations for transit incidents and casualties are the Pleasure Boat incident of 1988 which took 56 lives, a rail clang of 1988 which took 34 lives, and an air clang of 1989 which killed 29 people and injured 70 more ( Parker A ; Handmer 1992 ) . Riots, protests and similar runs have besides been considered as incidents with important impact and amendss over the last decennaries. Examples are public violences of 1985 and fuel encirclement crisis of 2000, which caused figure of deceases, belongings harm, casualties, unpopularity and break of authorities maps. Massive fires in 1985 and 1987, the oil pollution of 1989, an oil rig detonation of 1987, H2O supply pollution jobs in 1988, a crowd crush incident of 1989, and the recent menace of avian grippe ( Parker A ; Handmer 1992 ) provide the basic perceptual experience about a broad scope of catastrophes, which have a large impact on authorities and citizens in this state. The UK authorities faces challenges of assortment of exigency state of affairss that require effectual response covering an all-hazards accent. The catastrophes and crises, terrorist act plays an of import function in the catastrophe environment of the United Kingdom. The UK antecedently was a victim of terrorist incidents like: 1 ) the onslaughts of 1987 in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland where 11 people died and 50 were injured ; 2 ) the bombardment of 1988 Omagh, Northern Ireland where 8 people died and 21 were injured ; and 3 ) the terrorist bombardment of aircraft Lockerbie, Scotland where 281 people died ( Parker A ; Handmer 1992 ) . However, since the 9/11 onslaughts in the United States and London Bombing of July seventh 2005, the cardinal authorities of the UK had to reconsider effectivity and capacity of its exigency direction response and the possible hazard and wake of terrorist onslaughts. Vulnerability in the UK The September 11, 2001 terrorist onslaughts highlighted the exposure of critical substructure to terrorist onslaughts around the universe. Since this ruinous incident, the authorities of the UK has focused on security of critical substructure from manmade onslaughts. For case, the informations of 2002 provides information that UK is runing more than 31 Nuclear Power Reactors. Therefore, the hazard that atomic reactors could be attacked is lifting. Successful terrorist onslaughts could impact non merely the population, but the encompassing environment. The release of radioactive stuffs into air and H2O would hold a long term negative side effects on environment, which would do these topographic points uninhabitable for decennaries, destroy the nature of environing sea life, and impact the economic system for future coevalss. The UK Home Office and Civil Contingencies Secretariat has hence underscored the importance of physical protection of Nuclear Power Plants against future possibil ity of terrorist onslaughts and tightened security criterions ( Moss 2002 ) . London bombardment of 2005 opened a new focal point Centre for UK authorities. Even though terrorist act is non a really new challenge for UK it requires an effectual system with the collaborative attempts of local and cardinal authoritiess to contend against it. Vulnerability of critical substructure of UK made determination shapers and authorities functionaries to reconsider effectivity of current exigency direction system. Model and Catastrophe Policy In July of 2001 Civil Contingencies Secretariat ( CCS ) , within Cabinet Office was established, and lead duties were transferred to this organisation ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . The wake of 9/11 terrorist onslaughts and increasing menace of manmade catastrophes brought inquiry about the preparedness and sufficiency of the UK authorities exigency direction construction with the purpose of supplying effectual civil protection. The concern of terrorist act and constitution of effectual catastrophe response model led to structural alteration and reformation ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . The Civil Contingencies Act ( CCA ) of 2004 introduced a individual model for civil protection in UK and brought new alterations to the tabular array such as replacement and updating former Civil Defence and Emergency Power statute laws. The CCA is now composed of two parts. Part 1 defines ordinances, counsel, clear set of ends, and duties for all involved organisations at the local degree. The local respondents are divided into different subdivisions and classs based on their specific responsibilities and functions. Separate 2 updates Emergency Power Act of 1920 and focuses on mos t serious exigencies and future hazard profile ( Cabinet Office 2009a ; Office of Public Sector Information 2004 ) . The nucleus alterations that were brought by the constitution of CCA can be described as: specifying the term exigency ; placing the clear boundaries, functions, and duties of all involved organisations and parties in deepness ; researching new responsibilities of local and governmental bureaus ; replacing out-of-date system of exigency powers ; and, in general, giving UK authorities runing powers in an exigency ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . Organization Emergency BCCM Planning An exigency, as defined in CCA, is a state of affairs or series of events that threatens or causes serious harm to human public assistance, the environment or security in the United Kingdom ( Cabinet Office 2005: 1 ) . The possible hereafter menace of terrorist act, drugs, continuously altering demographics, fresh engineerings, and societal jobs creates capriciousness in set uping more sustainable and resilient society. Therefore, civil protection and exigency response and direction system of UK has gone through monolithic alterations and reforms. However, the overall construction of catastrophe direction has by and large remained the same with the cardinal authorities carry throughing the function of coordinator and supplying counsel, while local bureaus and authoritiess cover with and react to catastrophes ( OBrien A ; Read 2005 ) . The construction of BCCM in UK is decentralized. Most exigencies and incidents, based on graduated table or complexness, are handled at local degree with no engagement of Cardinal Government ( Civil Contingencies Secretariat 2009a ) . Local bureaus are ever the first respondents and the 1s who carry the load of exigency direction. In most instances the constabulary are considered one of the taking reacting histrions in local catastrophes. When constabulary are given the undertaking of reacting to catastrophes at the local degree, the Police Gold Commander is appointed by the local Chief Officer with the primary mission of pull offing the response. The impact of the exigencies is within the boundaries or capablenesss of local authorities, appropriate local exigency services and governments are being activated to take control of the state of affairs. However, if the incidents and exigencies are of more eventful impact and casualties, the support, engagement and coordination of Cardinal Government becomes necessary and critical ( Civil Contingencies Secretariat 2009a ) . The coordination and response of Cardinal Government, through appropriate Lead Government Department ( LGD ) , is provided when the impact grade, graduated table and complexness of catastrophes is comparatively difficult to pull off. By the engagement of Cardinal Government, the COBR is being activated to back up coordination and determination devising of LGDs ( Cabinet Office 2005 ) . The LGD or Developed Administration section is being designated, by the Cardinal Government, for overall direction and response to the incidents ( Civil Contingencies Secretariat 2009a ) . Decision Significant structural alterations, historical way of natural and manmade catastrophes, and turning frequence of jeopardies due to planetary clime alteration demonstrates the demand for and importance of effectual exigency direction system in the UK. The type of the jeopardies impacting the UK are rather legion runing from natural, technological, biological, chemical, societal to manmade catastrophes that require corporate action. The UK will go on to confront more terrible challenges in the following few decennaries. The decentralised system and construction of exigency direction enables UK to set up sustained exigency response and support. Changes and betterments, in exigency direction system, that took topographic point in the last decennary focal points on supplying more effectual an in clip response to incidents, including uncertainnesss and menace of terrorist act. While, on the one manus, concentrating on the increased natural menaces and challenges the UK will besides see the menace of intensified manmade incidents as good. The UK authorities, by set uping new bureau with exigency direction focal point, is trusting to supply successful, seasonably, collaborative proviso of support in order to cut down the possible menace to human life and belongings, and set up safe environment for future coevalss. Cardinal authorities and local governments play of import function through coaction and established exigency direction model. Since the hereafter possibility and menace of natural catastrophes is certain, the UK authorities has to be ready and prepared to confront any annihilating challenge.

Sideways and Clockwise

Sideways and Clockwise Sideways and Clockwise Sideways and Clockwise By Maeve Maddox A reader seeks to understand two uses of the English word wise: Can you please suggest how can  we use the word wise. The meaning of wise is related to wisdom (Having or prompted by wisdom or discernment).    But some times I use this when some thing needs to be done in a way. for e.g. day wise, company wise, team wise and so on. Old English had two similarly spelled words derived from the same ProtoGermanic source: wis: learned, wise wise: manner, way It also had two verbs from the same source: witan: to know wisian: to direct or to guide The word wise in the sense of manner survived in two suffix forms: -wise and -ways, giving us such words as always, sideways, likewise and otherwise. Heres Fowlers note on these suffixes: 1. The ending -ways or occasionally -way, is often used indifferently with -wise, is very seldom the only form without one in -wise by its sideperhaps only in always. 2. In a few established words, -wise is alone, esp. clockwise, coastwise, likewise, otherwise, sunwise. 3. In other established words both forms are used, as breadth-, broad-, end-, least-, length-, long-, no-, side-, slant-. 4. In words made for the occasion from nouns, as in Use it clubwise or pokerwise, Go crabwise or frogwise, Worn cloakwise or broochwise or chainwise . . , -wise is now much the commoner. Fowler was writing about 80 years ago, but his observations remain valid. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidEmpathy "With" or Empathy "For"?Mankind vs. Humankind